Brazilian Tourmaline

Brazilian tourmaline varieties beyond Paraíba - rubellite, indicolite, chrome tourmaline, and other colours.

brazil tourmaline rubellite indicolite

Introduction

Beyond the famous Paraíba, Brazil produces an exceptional range of
tourmaline varieties and colours. From fine rubellite to indicolite
and chrome tourmaline, Brazilian tourmaline represents the full
spectrum of this versatile gemstone species.

Rubellite

Fine pink to red tourmaline:

Sources

  • Minas Gerais: Primary source
  • Multiple deposits: Various quality levels
  • History: Long production history
  • Status: Ongoing production

Characteristics

  • Colour: Pink to red to purplish-red
  • Best material: Saturated with minimal brown
  • Clarity: Variable; clean stones premium
  • Value: High for fine saturated reds

Definition Debate

  • Some reserve "rubellite" for red only
  • Others include saturated pink
  • Trade usage varies
  • Saturation more important than exact hue

Indicolite

Blue tourmaline variety:

Characteristics

  • Colour: Blue to blue-green
  • Best material: Saturated blue without green
  • Rarity: Fine indicolite relatively scarce
  • Value: Premium for pure blue

Sources

  • Minas Gerais primary
  • Various deposits across Brazil
  • Quality material less common than green

Green & Chrome Tourmaline

Green varieties from Brazil:

Standard Green

  • Most common tourmaline colour
  • Wide range of qualities
  • Iron-coloured typically
  • Accessible price points

Chrome Tourmaline

  • Source: Bahia primary
  • Colour: Intense green (chromium)
  • Character: Richer than iron-green
  • Value: Premium for fine saturation

Bi-Colour & Watermelon

Multi-colour tourmaline:

Watermelon Tourmaline

  • Pink center, green rim
  • Cut to show colour zones
  • Popular collector variety
  • Good Brazilian production

Bi-Colour Varieties

  • Various colour combinations
  • Pink/green most classic
  • Blue/green combinations
  • Value depends on contrast and arrangement

Brazilian Citrine & Amethyst

Major quartz production:

Rio Grande do Sul

  • World's largest amethyst producer
  • Famous for geodes and cathedral formations
  • Heat treatment to citrine common
  • Ametrine also produced

Natural Citrine

  • Much rarer than amethyst
  • Often lighter, more subtle colour
  • Most "citrine" is heated amethyst
  • Natural material commands premium

Ametrine

  • Bicoloured quartz (amethyst + citrine)
  • Bolivia primary source, Brazil secondary
  • Natural colour zoning
  • Popular for fantasy cuts

Other Brazilian Gems

Gem Region Notes
Alexandrite Minas Gerais Some fine material; rare
Kunzite Minas Gerais Good quality pink spodumene
Morganite Minas Gerais Fine pink beryl
Chrysoberyl cat's eye Various Good chatoyant material
Andalusite Minas Gerais Strong pleochroism
Spessartine garnet Various Orange variety

Market Overview

Brazilian tourmaline in the trade:

  • Variety: Full colour range available
  • Quality: Commercial to exceptional
  • Volume: Major world producer
  • Value: Varies widely by variety and quality
  • Cutting: Major domestic cutting industry