Brazilian Gems - Overview

Introduction to Brazil's diverse gem production including Paraíba tourmaline, imperial topaz, aquamarine, and other varieties.

brazil minas-gerais gems

Introduction

Brazil is one of the world's most important gem sources, producing a remarkable
variety of species and colours. From the legendary Paraíba tourmaline to imperial
topaz found nowhere else, Brazilian gems occupy unique positions in the market.

Major gem-producing states include Minas Gerais, Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte,
and Paraíba.

Major Gem Types

Brazil's signature productions:

Paraíba Tourmaline

  • Discovery: 1989
  • Character: Neon blue-green copper-bearing
  • Significance: Most valuable tourmaline
  • Status: Original source nearly exhausted

Imperial Topaz

  • Source: Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais only
  • Exclusivity: No other commercial source worldwide
  • Colour: Orange to pink-orange to red
  • Value: Premium over other topaz

Aquamarine

  • Source: Minas Gerais primary
  • Quality: World-class; "Santa Maria" colour
  • History: Major source since early 1900s
  • Sizes: Famous for large crystals

Quartz Varieties

  • Amethyst: World's largest producer
  • Citrine: Major source (much heated amethyst)
  • Ametrine: Secondary source after Bolivia
  • Rose quartz: Significant production

Geographic Distribution

Gem-producing regions:

Minas Gerais

Bahia

Paraíba & Rio Grande do Norte

  • Original Paraíba tourmaline source
  • Production now very limited
  • Historic significance

Rio Grande do Sul

  • World's largest amethyst producer
  • Famous geode formations
  • Citrine (heated amethyst)

Brazilian Gem Trade

Industry characteristics:

  • Cutting centres: Major industry in Minas Gerais
  • Export hub: Significant international trade
  • Artisanal mining: Much production is small-scale
  • Treatments: Heat treatment of topaz, quartz common
  • Disclosure: Variable; buyer awareness important

Market Significance

Brazil's role in the gem world:

  • Paraíba: Defined new category; commands highest premiums
  • Imperial topaz: Geographic exclusivity
  • Aquamarine: Major world supplier; quality benchmark
  • Tourmaline: Full colour range; multiple varieties
  • Quartz: Dominates world amethyst supply