East African Gems - Overview
Introduction to East Africa's emergence as a major coloured gem region, covering Tanzania, Kenya, and Mozambique.
tanzania kenya mozambique east-africa
Introduction
East Africa has emerged as one of the world's most important coloured gem
regions, producing unique varieties found nowhere else. Tanzanite, tsavorite,
and increasingly significant ruby and tourmaline deposits have transformed
the global gem market.
Tanzania, Kenya, and Mozambique each contribute distinctive material.
Major Gem Sources
Each country in the region has carved out a distinctive niche:
Tanzania
- Tanzanite: Single-source rarity (Merelani Hills)
- Spinel: World-class neon pinks from Mahenge
- Colour-change garnet: Exceptional pyrope-spessartine
- Sapphire: Good commercial production
Kenya
- Tsavorite: Primary source for fine green garnet
- Ruby: John Saul Mine produces quality material
- Spessartine: Orange garnets available
Mozambique
- Ruby: Montepuez now a major world source
- Paraiba-type tourmaline: Copper-bearing material
- Aquamarine: Santa Maria-type colour
Regional Characteristics
East African gems share certain trade characteristics:
- Recent discoveries: Most major finds since 1960s-2000s
- Growing significance: Filling gaps from declining traditional sources
- Artisanal mining: Mix of small-scale and commercial operations
- Ethical considerations: Traceability improving across region
- Value positioning: Often excellent quality at competitive prices
Market Impact
East Africa has fundamentally changed the global gem market: