Madagascar Gems - Overview

Introduction

Madagascar emerged as a major gem source in the late 20th century, now producing
significant quantities of sapphire, ruby, and other coloured stones. The island's
diverse geology yields gems comparable to classic sources.

Madagascar has become one of the world's most important sapphire producers,
filling market gaps as traditional sources decline.

Major Gem Production

Madagascar's primary gem outputs:

Sapphire

Primary source: Ilakaka region (since 1998)
Quality: Commercial to fine; Ceylon-like character
Colours: Full spectrum including blue, pink, yellow
Volume: One of world's largest sapphire sources

Ruby

Sources: Andilamena, Vatomandry, others
Quality: Variable; some fine material
Market role: Secondary source; growing importance
Treatment: Heat and diffusion common

Beryl

Aquamarine: Fine quality; Brazilian comparison
Morganite: Pink beryl production
Emerald: Limited but interesting

Rare Species

Grandidierite: World's primary source
Demantoid: Green garnet; some horsetails
Tourmaline: Including some Paraiba-type

Geographic Distribution

Gem-producing regions across Madagascar:

South: Ilakaka (sapphire) - massive alluvial deposits
North: Andilamena (ruby) - primary ruby region
East: Vatomandry (ruby, sapphire)
Central: Various pegmatite-hosted gems
Multiple regions: Tourmaline, beryl, garnet production

Mining & Trade

Industry characteristics:

Mining Methods

Primarily artisanal mining
Alluvial deposits dominant
Large-scale operations limited
Seasonal production patterns

Market Position

Growing share of world sapphire market
Important secondary ruby source
Good value compared to traditional origins
Origin disclosure increasingly standard

Ethical Considerations

Child labour concerns in some areas
Environmental impact from mining
Traceability initiatives developing
Certified supply chains emerging

Market Significance

Madagascar's role in the gem trade:

Supply volume: Major world producer
Quality range: Commercial through fine
Value position: Competitive pricing
Gap filler: Replaces declining traditional sources
Rare gems: Primary source for several species